\input select
% local.tex -- released 12 February 1988
% Copyright(c) 1988 by Leslie Lamport
%   for LaTeX version 2.09
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% information specific to a site plus errors and omissions from the LaTeX
% manual (published by Addison-Wesley).
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% The \contact command is defined to generate the name of the person to
% whom questions should be sent.  This should be someone at the site.
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% with LaTeX or TeX. Don't bother anyone at another site with questions
% that can be answered locally.

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\newcommand{\contact}{your local \LaTeX\ expert}

\newcommand{\BibTeX}{{\rm B\kern-.05em{\sc i\kern-.025em b}\kern-.08em
    T\kern-.1667em\lower.7ex\hbox{E}\kern-.125emX}}

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   -.1667em\lower.7ex\hbox{E}\kern-.125emX}}


\newcommand\bs{\char '134 }  % A backslash character for \tt font


\title{Using \LaTeX\ on the Acorn Archimedes}

\author{Edinburgh Software Products}

\date{7th June 1990\\              % Keep this date current
For \LaTeX\ Version 2.09} 

\begin{document}

\maketitle

\tableofcontents

\newpage

\LaTeX\ runs on a variety of computers.  This
document tells you how to use \LaTeX\ on the Acorn Archimedes
computers running the RISC-OS operating system.
It is not about \LaTeX\ itself, which is described by
the manual---{\em \LaTeX: A Document Preparation System}, published by
Addison-Wesley, available at such book stores as John Menzies in Edinburgh
or Dillons in London or Cambridge, and other equally fine bookstores 
elsewhere.

If you have a question that you can't answer by reading the manual and
this document, ask \contact.  Edinburgh Software Products
should only be informed of any
possible \LaTeX\ bugs or undocumented anomalies.  Please do not
contact us for typesetting help; we supply
\TeX\ on a volunteer basis and do not have the manpower to support
the applications of the many users we now have.


\section{Getting Started}

\subsection{Installing \TeX\ and {\bf \LaTeX}} \label{sec:install}

To install \TeX\ and \LaTeX\ you will need a hard disk with around
15Mb free, and an Archimedes with at least 2Mb of memory.
15Mb is a lot of space, but after you have installed \TeX\ you
can reclaim a lot of this space by deleting things you are
not likely to use, such as {\tt !TeX.texsource} -- not many
users will need the complete sources of \TeX\ itself!

Installation of the Edinburgh Software Products \TeX\ system is
very simple.  First, decide where you want to put it (for instance,
in a directory {\tt \$.Utils}).  Then click on the floppy disk icon,
and drag all the files you see on the floppy onto your selected
destination directory.

If you don't want to start up your machine with \LaTeX\ ready for
use, you don't have to do the following; you can simply double-click
on the {\tt !Latex} file instead.  Otherwise.
the only additional work you have to do is add the contents of
{\tt !Boot}
from the first disk to your own {\tt !Boot} file.  This shows you how to
start up the desktop with {\tt !LaTeX} already installed on the icon bar.
You will also need a file called {\tt !DeskBoot} which should also be
copied to the root directory on your hard disk,
or added to it if you have one already.

\subsection{Running a Sample File} \label{sec:sample}

Before preparing your own documents, you may want to get acquainted
with \LaTeX\ by running it on a sample input file.  This is supplied
in your distribution in directory {\tt tests}.

If you destroy or
mess up your copy, you can always get a fresh
one from your original distribution disk.  Just drag the {\tt sample}
directory into your work area.

Next, run \LaTeX\ on the file \mbox{\tt sample.tex} by
picking up the {\tt sample} directory and dropping it on the {\tt LaTeX}
icon which should be on the icon bar at the foot of your screen.
This in fact invokes the command
\begin{verbatim}
     tex &lplain sample
\end{verbatim}
When \LaTeX\ has finished, it will have produced the file \mbox{\tt
sample.dvi} in the {\tt sample} directory.
You can print this file by dragging {\tt sample} on to the {\tt DviAlw}
icon.

This creates a PostScript output file called {\tt sample.dvi-alw} (the
ALW stands for Apple Laser Writer -- the most common PostScript
output device).  You should now double-click on {\tt sample} to
get at this file which can be dropped on the {\tt PrinterPS} icon to
print it.

The output will be produced on the laser printer attached to
your Archimedes or perhaps the local network.
If you want to print \LaTeX\ output
on another sort of printer, see Section~\ref{sec:otherpr}.

After your output has been printed, you can delete \mbox{\tt
sample.dvi} by double-clicking on {\tt sample} to make {\tt dvi}
visible, then using the {\tt delete} option of the filer menu to remove it.

\subsection{Preparing and Running \LaTeX\ on Your Own Files}

You must use a text editor to prepare an input file for \LaTeX.
The easiest way to start learning about \LaTeX\ is by 
examining the file \mbox{\tt sample.tex} with {\tt !Edit}.

After you have prepared your file,
which should be a file called
{\tt tex}
in a document folder whose name is of your own choosing,
you must run it through \LaTeX\ and print the output.                    
Follow the instructions in Section~\ref{sec:sample}, except substitute
the name of your document for ``\mbox{\tt sample}''.  Remember to
save disk space by deleting the {\tt dvi} file after printing the
output.


%List the text editors, available, and any special features they have
%for producing \LaTeX\ input.  Explain how the various text editors
%could cause bad characters to appear in the input file that would
%generate the
%\begin{verbatim}
%! Text line contains an invalid character.
%\end{verbatim}
%error.

If you want to stop \LaTeX\ in the middle of its execution, perhaps
because it is printing a seemingly unending string of uninformative
error messages, press {\em ESCAPE\/} (this is
the key labelled {\em ESC\/}).  This will make \LaTeX\ stop as if it
had encountered an ordinary error, and you can return to the Wimp
by typing {\tt X}, as described in the manual.

\section{Carrying On}

\subsection{{\bf \LaTeX}\ on RISC-OS} \label{sec:op-system}

The only special problems in using \LaTeX\ caused by the RISC-OS
operating system involve the way RISC-OS handles files.  The first
problem arises because
RISC-OS has no concept of a file-extension.  To keep your sources
as compatible as possible with other systems, ESP have chosen to
implement extensions by simulating {\tt file.tex} by storing a
file called {\tt tex} in a directory called {\tt file}.  This is
marginally preferable to storing a file called {\tt file} in a
directory called {\tt tex} (i.e\null. {\tt tex.file})
--- the latter scheme makes it harder
to treat a document as a whole unit.  The scheme we have chosen
is similar to the use of Folders on the Macintosh system.

The second problem in using \LaTeX\ on RISC-OS involves the files that
\LaTeX\ reads.  The document which you drop on RISC-OS's {\tt latex}
icon is called the {\em root file}.  In addition to reading the root
file, \LaTeX\ also reads the files specified by \hbox{\verb|\input|}
and \hbox{\verb|\include|} commands.  With the RISC-OS directory system,
\LaTeX\ must know not only the names of these file but also in which
directories they are.  It will have no problem finding the correct
files if you follow the simple rule:
\begin{enumerate}
 \item Keep all files specified by \hbox{\verb|\input|} and 
      \hbox{\verb|\include|} commands in the same directory as the root
       file.
\end{enumerate}
If you follow this rules, you should never have to type a RISC-OS path
specifier in a \LaTeX\ document.

If you choose to break the
rule, by specifying a file from another directory in an
\hbox{\verb|\input|} or \hbox{\verb|\include|} command, you must use a
complete path name.  For example, to include the file \mbox{\tt herfile.tex} 
from Jones' directory (say on the Econet) \hbox{\verb|foo.bar|}, you can type
\begin{verbatim}
     \include{$.jones.foo.bar.herfile}
\end{verbatim}

For people who don't like to obey rules, 
here is exactly how \LaTeX\ finds its
files.  The root file is
picked from the filer, by dragging it with the mouse
to the {\tt Latex} icon.
\LaTeX's auxiliary files are read and written in the directory from
which the file was dragged.  All file names specified in the \LaTeX\ input,
including the names of document-style ({\tt sty}) files specified by
the \hbox{\verb|\documentstyle|} command, are interpreted relative to
this directory.  If \LaTeX\ does not find a
file starting in this directory, it looks
via the system variable {\tt TexInputs\$Path}
You can change the directories in
which \LaTeX\ looks for its input files by altering the environment
variable \mbox{\tt TeXInputs\$Path}.  Issuing the command
\begin{verbatim}
     *set TeXInputs$Path net:$.jones.myown.,<TexInputs$Path>
\end{verbatim}
from the {\tt *} prompt causes \LaTeX\ to look for files first
in Jones' {\tt myown} directory, and
then in the same list of system directories as before.
You might want to do this if you are working with Jones
and she has her own personal document-style files in her
{\tt myown} directory. 

\subsection{Document Styles}


There are several document styles and style options available on
the Archimedes that
are not described in the manual: the \mbox{\tt proc} style option for
making camera-ready copy for conference proceedings, the {\tt bezier}
option for drawing curves, the {\tt ifthen} option for implementing
{\bf if-then-else} and {\bf while-do} control structures, the \mbox{\tt
srcletter} style for making letters, and the {\tt showidx} option for
printing index entries in the margin.
The stye options are described
below.


\subsubsection{The {\tt proc} Style Option}

The {\tt proc} option is used with the \mbox{\tt article} document
style.  It produces two-column output for ACM and IEEE conference
proceedings.  The command \hbox{\verb|\copyrightspace|} makes the blank
space at the bottom of the first column of the first page, where the
proceedings editor will insert a copyright notice.  This command works
by producing a blank footnote, so it is placed in the text of the first
column.  It must go after any \hbox{\verb|\footnote|} command that
generates a footnote in that column.

\LaTeX\ automatically numbers the output pages.  It's a good idea 
to identify the paper on each page of output.  Placing the command
\begin{verbatim}
     \markright{Jones---Foo}
\end{verbatim}
in the preamble (before the \hbox{\verb|\begin{document}|} command)
prints ``Jones---Foo'' at the bottom of each page.  

\subsubsection{The {\tt bezier} Style Option}

This option defines a single command, \hbox{\verb|\bezier|}, that draws
a curved line in a {\tt picture} environment.  Let $P_{i}$ be the point
with coordinates $(x_{i},y_{i})$, for $i=1$, 2, and 3.  The command
\begin{itemize} \tt
\item[]
\verb|\bezier{|$n$\verb|}(|$x_{1}$,$y_{1}$)($x_{2}$,$y_{2}$)($x_{3}$,$y_{3}$)
\end{itemize}
draws $n$ points on the quadratic Bezier spline determined by the three
points $P_{1}$, $P_{2}$, and $P_{3}$.  The locus of points on this
spline is a parabolic arc from $P_{1}$ to $P_{3}$ having the line
$P_{1}P_{2}$ tangent to it at $P_{1}$ and the line $P_{2}P_{3}$ tangent
to it at $P_{3}$.  Note that $P_{2}$ is {\em not\/} on this arc unless
$P_{1}$, $P_{2}$, and $P_{3}$ are colinear, in which case the arc is a
straight line.  Bezier splines are useful because it's easy to join two
of them together smoothly by giving them the same tangent line where
they meet.

It takes roughly 75 points per inch to form a solid line, depending
upon the line thickness.  See Section~C.13.3 of the manual for commands
to specify line thickness in a {\tt picture} environment.  This command
is {\em very\/} slow, and \TeX\ has enough memory to hold only about
1000 points plus a page of text.  (Remember that \TeX\ keeps the
current page plus all as yet unprinted figures in memory.) So, the
\verb|bezier| command should be used for only a small number of small
curves.


\subsubsection{The {\tt ifthen} Style Option}

This option provides two programming language features that are useful
only for people who already know how to program.  It defines the
two commands
\begin{itemize} 
\item[]
\verb|\ifthenelse{|{\em test\/}\verb|}{|{\em then clause\/}\verb|}{|%
{\em else clause\/}\verb|}|\\
\verb|\whiledo{|{\em test\/}\verb|}{|{\em do clause\/}\verb|}|
\end{itemize}
that implement the following two Pascal language structures
\begin{itemize}
\item[]
\begin{tabbing}
{\bf if} {\em test\/} \= {\bf then} \= {\em then clause\/} \\
 \> {\bf else} \> {\em else clause\/} \\[2pt]
{\bf while} {\em test\/} {\bf do} {\em do clause\/}
\end{tabbing}
\end{itemize}
The {\em then\/}, {\em else\/}, and {\em do\/} clauses
are ordinary \LaTeX\ input; {\em test\/} is one of the following:
\begin{itemize}
 \item A relation between two numbers formed with {\tt <}, {\tt >},
or {\tt =}; for example, \hbox{\verb|\value{page}>3|}.
 \item \verb|\equal{|{\em string1\/}\verb|}{|%
{\em string2\/}\verb|}|, which evaluates to {\em true\/} if {\em
string1\/} and {\em string2\/} are the same strings of characters after
all commands have been replaced by their definitions.  (Upper- and
lowercase letters are unequal.)
 \item A logical combination of the above two kinds of tests
    using the operators \hbox{\verb|\or|}, \hbox{\verb|\and|},
    and \hbox{\verb|\not|} and the parentheses \hbox{\verb|\(|}
    and \hbox{\verb|\)|}---for example:
\begin{verbatim}
\not \( \value{section} = 1  \and  \equal{Jones}{\myname} \)
\end{verbatim}
\end{itemize}
The {\em test\/} argument is a violently moving argument, which means
that not only fragile commands but even some commands that are not
normally fragile will break, causing \TeX\ to enter an infinite loop.
The \verb|\protect| command works in these situations.

These commands, together with \hbox{\verb|\renewcommand|} and the
commands of Section~C.7.4 for manipulating counters, open up a whole
new world of hacking.


\subsubsection{The {\tt showidx} Style Option}

This style option, for use with the {\tt report} or {\tt book} document
styles, causes index entries to be printed in the outer margin.  It
does not change the effect of \verb|\makeindex|, which controls
whether or not an {\tt .idx} file is written.  No attempt is made to
avoid overprinting marginal notes.  This option issues a 
\verb|\flushbottom| declaration.


\subsection{Running {\tt lablst.tex}}

A list of labels and citations in an input file is printed
by running \LaTeX\ on the input file \mbox{\tt lablst.tex},
which is done by dropping
\begin{verbatim}
     !TeX.LatexInputs.lablst
\end{verbatim}
on the {\tt latex} icon. (Note that you get into applications by holding
down the SHIFT key while double-clicking on them.)
\LaTeX\ will then ask for the name of the input file, which should be
typed without an extension, and for the name of the main document style
(e.g., \mbox{\tt article}), used by that file.
The input file name must include the full RISC-OS path, unless
you have already selected the directory which contains your file
by using the {\tt *dir} command.


\subsection{Differences from the Manual}

All \LaTeX\ features described in the manual are provided by 
the Archimedes implementation.

%Explain here any characters that can appear in input files other than
%the ones listed in Section 2.1.

%Tell if the \mbox{\tt log} file has an extension other than
%\mbox{\tt .log}.  Note: on TOPS-20, its extension is \mbox{\tt .lst}.

%Describe the sizes of disks and circles the are available.

%Don't forget to mention if the invisible fonts needed for \SLiTeX\
%color slides are unavailable.

\subsection{Using \BibTeX}

\BibTeX\ is a program for compiling a reference list for a document
from a bibliographic database.  It is run by dropping a document folder
(e.g\null. {\tt myfile})
on the {BiBtex} icon on the icon bar at the foot of the screen.  (If the
{\tt BiBTeX} icon is not present, find {\tt !BibTeX} in the filer
window and start it up by double-clicking on it.  {\tt BiBTeX} will then appear
on the icon bar.)

In this example
\mbox{\tt myfile.tex} is the name of your \LaTeX\ input file.
\BibTeX\ reads the file \mbox{\tt myfile.aux}, which was generated when you
ran \LaTeX\ on \mbox{\tt myfile.tex}, and produces the file \mbox{\tt
myfile.bbl}.

If the {\tt bib} file is not in the same directory as the \LaTeX\ input
file---for example, if you're using someone else's {\tt bib}
file---then you must include a path as part of the file name specified
by the \hbox{\verb|\bibliography|} command.
For example, the \LaTeX\ command
\begin{verbatim}
     \bibliography{$.jones.bibfiles.gnus}
\end{verbatim}
specifies the file \mbox{\tt gnus.bib} kept by Jones in her
\mbox{\tt bibfiles} directory.


In addition to the bibliography styles described in the manual, there
is a {\tt ieeetr} style that formats entries in the style of the IEEE
transactions.

In addition to the usual three-letter abbreviations for the months, the
following abbreviations are defined by the bibliography styles:
\begin{list}{}{\labelwidth 0pt \itemindent-.5\leftmargin
       \itemsep=2pt plus 1pt
       \let\makelabel\descriptionlabel}\it
\item[\tt acmcs] ACM Computing Surveys
\item[\tt acta] Acta Informatica
\item[\tt cacm] Communications of the ACM
\item[\tt ibmjrd] IBM Journal of Research and Development
\item[\tt ibmsj] IBM Systems Journal
\item[\tt ieeese] IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
\item[\tt ieeetc] IEEE Transactions on Computers
\item[\tt ieeetcad]
 IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits
\item[\tt ipl] Information Processing Letters
\item[\tt jacm] Journal of the ACM
\item[\tt jcss] Journal of Computer and System Sciences
\item[\tt scp] Science of Computer Programming
\item[\tt sicomp] SIAM Journal on Computing
\item[\tt tocs] ACM Transactions on Computer Systems
\item[\tt tods] ACM Transactions on Database Systems
\item[\tt tog] ACM Transactions on Graphics
\item[\tt toms] ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software
\item[\tt toois] ACM Transactions on Office Information Systems
\item[\tt toplas] ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems
\item[\tt tcs] Theoretical Computer Science
\end{list}

% Note: All styles should share the same set of abbreviations.

\subsection{Fonts}

Almost all the symbols available on our fonts can be generated by
ordinary \LaTeX\ commands.  However, there are type sizes not
obtainable by \LaTeX's size-changing commands with the ordinary
document styles.  Consult a local \TeX\ expert to find the
\TeX\ name for such a font.

Tables~\ref{tab:styles} and \ref{tab:fonts} allow you
to determine if the font for a type style at a particular
size is preloaded, loaded on demand, or unavailable.
\begin{table}
\centering
\begin{tabular}{l|r|r|r|}
\multicolumn{1}{l}{size} & 
\multicolumn{1}{c}{default (10pt)} &
        \multicolumn{1}{c}{11pt option}  &
        \multicolumn{1}{c}{12pt option}\\
\cline{2-4}
\verb|\tiny|       & 5pt  & 6pt & 6pt\\
\cline{2-4}
\verb|\scriptsize| & 7pt  & 8pt & 8pt\\
\cline{2-4}
\verb|\footnotesize| & 8pt & 9pt & 10pt \\
\cline{2-4}
\verb|\small|        & 9pt & 10pt & 11pt \\
\cline{2-4}
\verb|\normalsize| & 10pt & 11pt & 12pt \\
\cline{2-4}
\verb|\large|      & 12pt & 12pt & 14pt \\
\cline{2-4}
\verb|\Large|      & 14pt & 14pt & 17pt \\
\cline{2-4}
\verb|\LARGE|      & 17pt & 17pt & 20pt\\
\cline{2-4}
\verb|\huge|       & 20pt & 20pt & 25pt\\
\cline{2-4}
\verb|\Huge|       & 25pt & 25pt & 25pt\\
\cline{2-4}
\end{tabular}
\caption{Type sizes for \LaTeX\ size-changing commands.}\label{tab:styles}
\end{table}
\begin{table}
\centering
\begin{tabular}{l|c|c|c|c|c|c|}
\multicolumn{1}{l}{}& 
\multicolumn{1}{c}{\tt \bs it} &
\multicolumn{1}{c}{\tt \bs bf} &
\multicolumn{1}{c}{\tt \bs sl} &
\multicolumn{1}{c}{\tt \bs sf} &
\multicolumn{1}{c}{\tt \bs sc} &
\multicolumn{1}{c}{\tt \bs tt} \\
\cline{2-7}
5pt  & D & D & X & X & X & X \\
\cline{2-7}
6pt  & X & D & X & X & X & X \\
\cline{2-7}
7pt  & P & D & X & X & X & X \\
\cline{2-7}
8pt  & P & D & D & D & D & D \\
\cline{2-7}
9pt  & P & P & D & D & D & P \\
\cline{2-7}
10pt & P & P & P & P & D & P \\
\cline{2-7}
11pt & P & P & P & P & D & P \\
\cline{2-7}
12pt & P & P & P & P & D & P \\
\cline{2-7}
14pt & D & P & D & D & D & D \\
\cline{2-7}
17pt & D & P & D & D & D & D \\
\cline{2-7}
20pt & D & D & D & D & D & D \\
\cline{2-7}
25pt & X & D & X & X & X & X \\
\cline{2-7}
\end{tabular}
\caption{Font classes: P = preloaded, D = loaded on demand, 
         X = unavailable.}\label{tab:fonts}
\end{table}
Table~\ref{tab:styles} tells you what size of type is used for each
\LaTeX\ type-size command in the various document-style options.  For
example, with the {\tt 12pt} option, the \hbox{\verb|\large|}
declaration causes \LaTeX\ to use 14pt type.  Table~\ref{tab:fonts}
tells, for every type size, to which class of fonts each type style
belongs.  For example, in 14pt type, \verb|\bf| uses a preloaded
font and the other five type-style commands use load-on-demand fonts.
Roman (\verb|\rm|) and math italic (\verb|\mit|) fonts are all
preloaded; the \hbox{\verb|\em|} declaration uses either italic
(\verb|\it|) or roman.

%Describe any special fonts available here.

%Tell where to find a font manual, listing the character numbers of
%the symbols on different fonts.

%Include a table telling which fonts are preloaded, loaded on demand,
%and unavailable.  

\subsection{Using other printer drivers} \label{sec:otherpr}

The Edinburgh Software Products release comes with Nelson Beebe's
suite of drivers in source form. One driver -- the PostScript
driver {\tt dvialw} comes already compiled.  We can also supply
the HP LaserJet~II driver, {\tt dvijep} on request.  Should you
want any other printer driver, you are encouraged to compile
and test it yourself.  Examine the source file {\tt c.dvialw} to
see what had to be done to get it to compile under ANSI~C, and
make similar changes to {\tt c.dvi}(whatever) yourself.  You
should be encouraged in this task by the fact that we managed
to compile the {\tt dvijep} driver and supply it to a client
without ever testing it on the LaserJet --- and it workedfirst
time.

\subsection{Special Versions}

No foreign-language or other special versions of \LaTeX\
are currently available from Edinburgh Software Products.


\section{Bugs}

There are a few known bugs in \LaTeX\ that occur very seldom and
cause the user little trouble, but would be very difficult to fix.
Moreover, given the nature of complex systems, it is not unlikely that
the corrections would lead to even worse problems.  Therefore, these
bugs will probably not be fixed.  

The bugs and ways to get around them are listed below.  Do not worry
about any of them until you are preparing the final draft, since
changes to the text are very likely to cause the problem to disappear.
\begin{itemize}
\item In rare instances, a figure or table will be printed on the page
preceding the text where the {\tt figure} or {\tt table} environment
appears.  This can be fixed by either moving the environment further
towards the end of the document. 

\item A marginal note at the top of a page may appear in the wrong
margin.  This can be fixed by inserting a redundant \verb|\pagebreak|
command to force a page break exactly where \LaTeX\ started the new
page anyway.

\item A footnote can be broken across two pages when it should fit on a
single page.  This happens when there is one or more figures or tables
 on the page.  The problem is corrected by moving, towards the end of the
file, the last {\tt figure} or {\tt table} environment that produces a
figure or table on the page where the footnote starts.
\end{itemize}


\section{Errata and Additions to the Manual}

\input{addendum}
\end{document}

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